Variations and Characteristics of Mental Retardation Essay...

Mental Retardation is an old fashioned term for people who have problems learning and developing, but is defined as a disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and behaviors in expressing conceptual, social and practical skills in approximately one to three percent of the United States (Sue, Sue, Stanley, 2010). Mental retardation is categorized by the DSM-IV-TR as being a genetic disorder usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood or adolescence, and is not considered to be a cognitive disorder. The following criteria is required for diagnosis of mental retardation under the DSM-IV-TR, Intellectual functioning under the IQ score of 70, concurrent deficiencies in adaptive behaviors and†¦show more content†¦These features include a long narrow face with a large head, protruding forehead, large ears, flat feet and flexible joints (NIH, 2012). Learning is difficult for people with Fragile X Syndrome because the syndrome affects the ability to think, learn and reason, with problems ranging from mild learning issues to severe developmental disability (NIH, 2012). Other characteristics include behavioral, social and emotional problems including anxiety in new situations, problems making eye contact, attention disorders and aggresive behavior (NIH, 2012). Speech, and language problems also exist with Fragile X Syndrome, including trouble speaking clearly, stuttering, speech may come later than others their age, few may never speak. Lastly, many children with Fragile X Syndrome have sensory issues and can be bothered by bright lights, loud noises, or the way clothing feels on their skin, which can cause the child to act out (Sue, Sue, Stanley, 2010). Down Syndrome is a condition caused by the presecnce of an extra chromosome called trisomy 21 (t21), which is a non sex chromosome and results in mental retardation and distinct physical characteristics (Sue, Sue, Stanley, 2010). Trisomy 21 means that each cell in the body has three copies of the chromosome 21, instead of the normal 2 copies received, one from each parent (NLM, 2012). Most cases of Down Syndrome are not hereditary but occur as random events, affecting the genesShow MoreRelatedFragile X Syndrome : The Most Inherited Form Of Mental Retardation1861 Words   |  8 PagesFragile X Syndrome, commonly known as FXS, is the most inherited form of mental retardation. From a study conducted by Emory University School of Medicine (2015), at least 1 out of every 4,000 males and 1 out of 8,000 females are affected with this abnormality (Emory University School of Medicine, 2015). At present, new information on how to live with FXS are discovered daily. This is helpful to furt her expand the current knowledge and methodologies that are attributed to FXS. There is currentlyRead MoreNutrition For Health And Development1615 Words   |  7 Pagesclinical standards as points of reference. A number of methods and measure may be used. (Raynor and Rudfuf 2000). Growth Retardation: Occurs when a fetus doesn’t develop at a normal rate. It is widely referred to as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Children with IUGR are much smaller than other children of the same gestational age. There are two forms of growth retardation. Symmetrical and asymmetrical. Children of their gestational age. 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Throughout the years, African American students have been significantly over-represented in special education, particularly in the categories of emotional disturbance and mental retardation. In Houston, Texas alone, African Americans made up approximately 20% of the city’s total population, and 24% of the student body in Houston Independent School District (HISD). Because African Americans make up a smaller percentage of the populationRead MoreEssay Birth Defects857 Words   |  4 Pagessurface or present in ternally. Birth defects may be life threatening and require surgical correction, or they may interfere with function or appearance. It is estimated that about 3% of all children are born with major defects; minor defects or variations are estimated to occur in 10% to 15% of births. Malformations may be single or multiple. Multiple malformations that occur in a regular recognizable pattern are referred to as syndromes--for example, the FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME sometimes observedRead MorePica1443 Words   |  6 Pagesat any point in time. Pica can be associated with mental and stress related disorders. Stress factors such as family issues, pregnancy, poverty, parental neglect, and a disorganized family, are strongly linked to Pica. There are different variations of Pica; it can be genetic, could be desire for the taste, tried once and enjoyed it, or an iron deficiency. It can lead to a â€Å"drunken state† in children, which can result in negative physical and mental development. Pica can lead to nutrition deficienciesRead MoreDevelopmental Disability : A Diverse Group Of Chronic Conditions2023 Words   |  9 PagesDevelopmental disability is a diverse group of chronic conditions that are due to mental or physical impairments. Developmental disabilities cause individuals living with them many difficulties in certain areas of life, especially in language, mobility, learning, self-help, and independent living. Developmental disabili ties are usually identified early in childhood and will probably persist throughout the individual’s lifespan. This paper will identify the various aspects of how developmental